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What is a logarithm?

  1. A power of a number

  2. A numerical exponent

  3. A mathematical relationship between two numbers

  4. An exponential equation

The correct answer is: A mathematical relationship between two numbers

A logarithm is a mathematical relationship between two numbers. While options A and B involve powers and exponents, those are only parts of what makes up a logarithm. Option D, an exponential equation, is related to logarithms in that logarithms are often used to solve for unknowns in exponential equations, but it is not a definition of what a logarithm is. The only option that accurately describes what a logarithm is is option C.